File Commands

Linux Essentials +

Command	Description
`ls -al`	Lists all files, detailed information, in long format.
`pwd`	Displays the present working directory's path.
`mkdir dir1`	Creates a new directory named dir1.
`rm file1`	Deletes the file named file1.
`rm -f file2`	Forcefully deletes the file named file2.
`rm -r dir1`	Recursively removes directory dir1 and its contents.
`rm -rf dir1`	Forcefully deletes directory dir1 and its contents.
`cp file1 file2`	Copies file1, creating or overwriting file2.
`cp -r dir1 dir2`	Copies dir1 to dir2, including subdirectories.
`mv file1 file2`	Renames or moves file1 to file2.
`ln -s /path/to/file_name link_name`	Creates symbolic link named link_name to file_name.
`touch file1`	Creates an empty file named file1.
`cat > file1`	Creates/overwrites file1, awaiting standard input.
`more file1`	Displays file1 content, paginating through output.
`head file1`	Displays the first ten lines of file1.
`tail file1`	Displays the last ten lines of file1.
`gpg -c file1`	Encrypts file1 with symmetric cipher using passphrase.
`gpg file2.gpg`	Decrypts file2.gpg, prompting for the passphrase.
`wc`	Counts words, lines, and characters in files.
`xargs`	Executes commands with piped or file-provided arguments.